RNA干扰是指双链RNA在细胞内特异性地诱导同源互补的mRNA降解 ,从而阻断相应基因表达的现象。RNAi发展成为一种新型的基因治疗方式的进程取决于哺乳动物RNAi的研究进展。在大多数哺乳动物细胞中 ,直接导入长dsRNA引发的非特异性基因沉默掩盖了RNAi效应 ,而多种有效的双链RNA导入方式在一定程度上解决了这一问题。初步的实验结果表明 ,用RNAi治疗癌症、病毒感染等疾病的设想有可能变成现实 RNA interference refers to the fact that double-stranded RNA specifically induces homologous and complementary mRNA degradation in the cell, thereby blocking the expression of the corresponding gene. The progress of RNAi into a new type of gene therapy depends on the research progress of mammalian RNAi. In most mammalian cells, silencing of non-specific genes by direct introduction of long dsRNA masks the RNAi effect, and many effective double-stranded RNA transfection approaches to some extent solve this problem. Preliminary experimental results show that the idea of ​​using RNAi to treat diseases such as cancer and viral infection may become a reality