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历史的回顾Bright于1827年和1836年最先确立了肾脏病的概念,在这以后的一个半世纪里,不少学者提出了有关肾脏病的种种分类。其中Volhard(1931)发表的弥漫性肾炎的分类首次将肾病大致独立出来。他的分类的肾病部分迄今已作了犬幅度的修正,而肾炎分类的基本概念近乎未作改动。在Volhard以前的分类中可作为里程碑的有以下一些业绩:Cohnheim(1870)、Langhans(1879)着眼于肾炎时肾小球炎的重要性,第一次使用肾小球肾炎的名称。Müller(1905)在慢性实质炎型肾脏病中导入了肾病的概念,认为此型非炎症性,是肾小管上皮细胞的原发性变性。
Historical Review Bright first established the concept of kidney disease in 1827 and 1836, and for the next one and a half centuries many scholars have proposed various categories of kidney disease. The classification of diffuse nephritis, published by Volhard (1931), for the first time, roughly delineated renal disease. The nephropathy part of his classification has so far been revised to the extent of the dog, while the basic concept of nephritis classification almost unchanged. Some of the milestones in Volhard’s previous classification include the following: Cohnheim (1870), Langhans (1879) Focusing on the importance of glomerulitis in nephritis, the first name used for glomerulonephritis. Müller (1905) introduced the concept of nephropathy in chronic parenchymatous kidney disease as noninflammatory and primary degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells.