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2008-2012年连续10个玉米生长季节在广西农业科学院明阳试验基地同一试验地适时播种玉米,在同一施肥水平下进行管理,并对玉米的产量性状进行评价。结合2008-2012年南宁吴圩气象站提供的玉米生育时期气温、降水、日照时数资料,对年际间、季节间玉米产量的稳定性进行比较,分析玉米生育时期的气候变化特征及不同年份玉米产量的波动情况。结果表明,日平均气温秋季高于春季,除了春季少数几天出现的低温,玉米生长期温度基本适合玉米生长;春季随着玉米的生长,气温有逐步上升的趋势;和春季相反,秋季随着玉米的生长,气温有逐步下降的趋势。玉米生长期日照合计值秋季高于春季,日照呈现波浪型变化,变幅在0~12 h之间。日平均降水量春季在2.85~3.99 mm之间,变化较小;秋季在2.47~6.15 mm之间,变化较大;春季单日较大的降水都出现在玉米生长的中后期,秋季的降水不均匀且无规律,玉米苗期和成熟期降水普遍较少。春季玉米产量在7 446.0~9 118.5 kg/hm2之间,秋季在6 346.5~7 297.5 kg/hm2之间,产量低于春季。生育期春季105~121 d,秋季91~101 d,春季的生育期明显长于秋季。2008-2012年玉米生育时期没有重大的自然灾害,玉米产量波动与年际间气候条件相关性较小。不同年份之间,玉米产量变化不明显,但表现季节效应,春季玉米产量显著高于秋季。
2008-2009 10 consecutive corn growing season in the same experimental site of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Mingyang experimental base sowing corn at the same time, under the same fertilization level management, and corn yield traits were evaluated. Based on the data of temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration during the growth period of maize in 2008-2012, the stability of maize production during and after inter-year and inter-season maize was analyzed. The characteristics of climatic changes during maize growth and the characteristics of different years Corn production fluctuations. The results showed that the daily mean temperature was higher in autumn than in spring, except for the low temperature appeared in a few days in spring, the growth temperature of maize was basically suitable for maize growth. In spring, with the growth of maize, the temperature tended to increase gradually. In contrast with spring, Corn growth, the temperature has gradually decreased. The sunshine in maize growth stage was higher than that in spring in autumn, and the sunshine showed a wave-like change, ranging from 0 to 12 h. The average daily precipitation varied from 2.85 to 3.99 mm in spring, and varied greatly from 2.47 to 6.15 mm in autumn. Larger single-day precipitation in spring appeared in the middle and later stages of maize growth. In autumn, the precipitation did not change Uniform and irregular, corn seedling and maturity generally less precipitation. The spring maize yield was between 7 446.0 and 9 118.5 kg / hm2, and the autumn was between 6 346.5 and 7 297.5 kg / hm2. The yield of spring maize was lower than that of spring. The growth period was 105-121 days in spring and 91-101 days in autumn, the growth period in spring was obviously longer than that in autumn. There was no major natural disaster during the maize growth period from 2008 to 2012. Maize production fluctuation was less correlated with the climatic conditions during the year. In different years, the yield of maize did not change obviously, but showed the seasonal effect and the yield of spring maize was significantly higher than that of autumn.