早期活跃在乳腺癌研究领域的人们也意识到需要获得准确的信息以认清并挑战现状。首先,他们进行了自我教育,以确保自己采取的行动是行之有效的,然后再去教育他人。例如,在20世纪70年代早期,美国的一名乳腺癌患者同时也是一位自由作家的Rose Kushner,敢于向当时传统的独裁式医患关系及根治术的必要性发出挑战。她在对根治性乳房切除术有效性的相关证据进行了全面评价后写了一本书。到70 People who were active in the breast cancer research field also realized that they need accurate information to recognize and challenge the status quo. First, they educated themselves to ensure that their actions were effective and then educated others. For example, in the early 1970s, Rose Kushner, a breast cancer patient in the United States who was also a freelance writer, dared to challenge the traditional dictatorship-patient relationship and the necessity of radical surgery. She wrote a book after a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence for effectiveness of radical mastectomy. To 70