肺梗塞是栓子嵌入肺血管床所致的合并症。栓子可来自右心房(如长期心房颤动),右心室,肺动脉瓣或三尖瓣(如心内膜炎),亦可来自周围静脉,其中以深部的下肢和盆腔静脉最多见。瓣膜及血管之人工修补术及口服避孕药也可导致肺梗塞。股、胫等长骨骨折或骨盆骨折后骨髓可释出脂肪粒形成脂性肺梗塞。在胸部或心血管手术,肾周围充气造影,人工气腹,腹腔镜检查等过程中可引起气栓。肺梗塞患者常急性发作,呼吸困难,胸痛、咳嗽、咯血、发汗,紫绀、肺部罗音、昏厥甚至休克。在病急住院的呼吸疾患中、肺梗塞的发病率较高,仅次于肺炎。30%的肺梗塞发生在心脏病患者,40%在骨科与心脏手术 Pulmonary infarction is a complication of emboli embedded in the pulmonary vascular bed. The emboli can come from the right atrium (such as long-term atrial fibrillation), right ventricle, pulmonary valve or tricuspid valve (such as endocarditis), but also from the surrounding veins, with the deepest lower extremity and pelvic veins the most common. Artificial repair valves and blood vessels and oral contraceptives can also lead to pulmonary infarction. Unit, tibia and other long bone fracture or pelvic fracture can release fat particles to form fat pulmonary infarction. Thorax or cardiovascular surgery, inflatable imaging around the kidney, artificial pneumoperitoneum, laparoscopy and other processes can cause air plugs. Patients with acute pulmonary infarction often have acute episodes of dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, sweating, cyanosis, pulmonary rales, fainting and even shock. In hospitalized respiratory disease in acute illness, the incidence of pulmonary infarction is higher, second only to pneumonia. Thirty percent of pulmonary infarctions occur in heart patients and 40% in orthopedic and cardiac surgery