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目的了解济南市成年居民慢性病相关生活方式的分布特征。方法基于2015年济南市居民总膳食研究及健康状况调查数据进行分析。结果共调查济南市18岁以上常住居民2 278名。成年人超重率为40.69%(927/2 278),肥胖占17.78%(405/2 278)。农村超重肥胖率(62.54%)高于城市成人(55.63%)(χ~2=10.85,P<0.001)。男性肥胖超重比例高于女性肥胖超重比例,且在青年人差别最明显。男性的腹性肥胖率(62.66%)高于女性腹性肥胖率(58.41%)(χ~2=4.28,P=0.039)。高血压患病率为24.76%。吸烟率为17.82%(406/2 278),男性吸烟率(36.58%)高于女性(1.32%)(χ~2=4.81,P<0.001)。农村吸烟率(22.84%)高于城市吸烟率(14.32%)。随年龄的增长,吸烟率呈先上升后下降变化趋势,以45~59岁年龄组为吸烟率最高。饮酒率(每月饮酒>1次)为24.67%,男性饮酒率(46.62%)高于女性饮酒率(5.36%)。调查中曾做过医学体检有70.76%(1 612/2 278),其中城市体检频率明显高于农村。随着年龄的增加,1年做1次体检的所占比率不断增加。结论目前济南市居民慢性病相关危险因素流行形式严重,需加强干预。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of chronic diseases in Jinan residents. Methods Based on the survey data of total diet and health status of residents in Ji’nan City in 2015, the data were analyzed. Results A total of 2 278 permanent residents over the age of 18 in Jinan City were investigated. Adults overweight rate was 40.69% (927/2 278), obesity accounted for 17.78% (405/2 278). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural areas (62.54%) was higher than that of urban adults (55.63%) (χ ~ 2 = 10.85, P <0.001). The proportion of male overweight and obesity is higher than that of female overweight, and the difference is most obvious among young people. The rate of abdominal obesity in males (62.66%) was higher than that in females (58.41%) (χ ~ 2 = 4.28, P = 0.039). The prevalence of hypertension was 24.76%. The smoking rate was 17.82% (406/2 278). The smoking rate in males was 36.58% higher than that in females (1.32%) (χ ~ 2 = 4.81, P <0.001). The rate of smoking in rural areas (22.84%) is higher than that of cities (14.32%). With the increase of age, the smoking rate firstly increased and then decreased, and the smoking rate was the highest in 45- 59 age group. The rate of drinking (monthly drinking> 1 time) was 24.67%, and that of men (46.62%) was higher than that of women (5.36%). In the survey, 70.76% (1 612/2 278) medical examinations were conducted. The frequency of medical examination in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas. As the age increases, the proportion of 1-year medical exams continues to increase. Conclusions At present, the prevalence of chronic disease risk factors among residents in Jinan City is serious and need to be strengthened.