目的探讨１８Ｆ脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）ＰＥＴ显像用于头颈部癌治疗后复发的价值。方法３８例头颈部癌患者，放疗或手术后３个月～３ａ，临床怀疑复发。均行１８ＦＦＤＧＰＥＴ显像，其中２８例行ＣＴ检查。ＰＥＴ图像分析采用目测法与半定量分析法，将肿瘤区１８ＦＦＤＧ摄取分为４级，０级：无摄取；Ⅰ级：轻度摄取；Ⅱ级：中度摄取；Ⅲ级：重度摄取。最后诊断依靠病理检查及临床随访。结果以肿瘤区１８ＦＦＤＧ摄取≥Ⅱ级视为复发，ＰＥＴ敏感性为９０６％（２９／３２），特异性为８３３％（５／６）；１８ＦＦＤＧ摄取Ⅱ级１１例，Ⅲ级１８例。ＣＴ敏感性、特异性分别为６３６％（１４／２２）、５０％（３／６）。结论诊断头颈部癌复发，ＰＥＴ比ＣＴ有更高的准确性和特异性 Objective To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET for recurrence after treatment of head and neck cancer. Methods 38 patients with head and neck cancer were treated with radiotherapy or surgery for 3 months to 3 years. Clinical relapse was suspected. All were 18F-FDG PET imaging, of which 28 cases underwent CT examination. The PET image analysis was performed by visual and semi-quantitative analysis. The 18F-FDG uptake in the tumor area was divided into four grades. Grade 0: No uptake; Grade I: Mild uptake; Grade II: moderate uptake; Grade III: Severe uptake. The final diagnosis depends on pathological examination and clinical follow-up. Results 18FFDG uptake ≥II in the tumor area was considered as recurrence. PET sensitivity was 90.6% (29/32), specificity was 83. 3% (5/6); 18FFDG uptake was grade II. Grade III in 18 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of CT were 63.6% (14/22) and 50% (3/6), respectively. Conclusion Diagnosis of head and neck cancer recurrence, PET has higher accuracy and specificity than CT