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分子生物学和基因工程技术在核医学领域的应用，形成了核医学的发展方向──分子核医学。分子核医学是从生理生化水平认识疾病，阐明病变组织代谢活性的高低和病变细胞是否存在可识别的特定标识物。利用基因工程技术将单克隆抗体的结构进行改造，使其与抗原结合的特异性和亲和力更理想，降低免疫原性，也可赋于抗体新的功能。只有这样生产出来的第二代或第三代单克隆抗体，才可能真正被应用于临床。用放射免疫显像、受体显像、代谢显像和血流灌注显像等方法综合研究，对肿瘤的诊断、分型、分期及预测是否转移有极大价值。利用受体显像方法研究细胞间的信息传递，定量测定体内神经介质的分泌量和受体密度的变化，正在将神经生化和人类思维及行为之间的联系逐步阐明。
The applications of molecular biology and genetic engineering in the field of nuclear medicine have formed the development direction of nuclear medicine - molecular nuclear medicine. Molecular nuclear medicine is to understand the disease from the physiological and biochemical level, to clarify the level of metabolic activity of diseased tissue and diseased cells there are identifiable specific markers. The use of genetic engineering to modify the structure of the monoclonal antibody to antigen-binding specificity and affinity of the more ideal, reduce the immunogenicity, but also conferred new functions of the antibody. Only the second or third generation monoclonal antibodies produced in this way can really be applied to the clinic. With radioimmunoimaging, receptor imaging, metabolic imaging and perfusion imaging methods such as comprehensive study of tumor diagnosis, classification, stage and predict whether the transfer of great value. Using receptor imaging methods to study the intercellular transmission of information and to quantitatively measure changes in neuronal mediators and receptor densities in vivo, the link between neurobiochemical and human thinking and behavior is being elucidated step by step.