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关联性规则是英美证据法上的基础性规则,但是英美法系对于关联性和可采性有着截然不同的两种立法模式。证据关联性是实质性和证明性的综合体,具有证明待证事实的倾向即具有关联性,法律不要求证据本身具有真实性。我国的证据关联性忽视证据能力的关联性,高度强调证明力的关联性,极大贬抑了法官的自由裁量权。英美证据法的关联性规则的制度机理和实务运作对于矫正我国证据关联性的缺陷,提升自由心证所蕴涵的法官独立性品格具有积极的制度借鉴意义。
Relevance rules are the basic rules in the Anglo-American evidence law. However, Anglo-American legal systems have two completely different legislative models for relevance and admissibility. Evidence relevance is a substantive and demonstrative complex, with a propensity to prove the facts to be proved that is relevant, the law does not require the evidence itself to be authentic. The relevancy of evidence in our country neglects the relevance of evidence ability and attaches great importance to the relevance of proof power, which greatly detracts from the judge’s discretion. The institutional mechanism and practical operation of the rules of association of the evidence law of Anglo-American have a positive institutional reference for correcting the defects of the relevance of evidence in our country and enhancing the character of judges’ independence implied in the free proof of evidence.