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目的:了解浙江省淳安县小儿手足口病流行病学特征与临床特征。方法:根据浙江省2009-2010年《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》报告的手足口病例568例,采取查阅病案、电话调查、入户调查相结合的方法,对病例的流行病学特征和临床特征进行调查和分析。结果:共调查小儿手足口病例568例,获得有效信息病例560例,其中轻症病例525例,重症病例35例。病例主要来自淳安县农村(81.07%),主要为散居儿童(85.71%),年龄集中在1~3岁(82.32%)。仅51例(9.11%)能明确接触史,潜伏期为3天,病程为6天。出疹和发热的发生率分别为100%和53.04%,除发热和出疹外,其他症状、其他体征的发生率分别为28.39%和18.88%。与轻症病例相比,重症病例发热、其他症状、体征和合并症的发生率较高,发热、出疹持续时间和病程较长,以先发热后出疹为主,出现的其他症状、其他体征和合并症较重。结论:手足口病以轻症为主,低年龄儿童易发病;应加强基层手足口病知识的宣传教育,特别对医护人员手足口病预防、诊断及治疗的培训是小儿手足口病防治的关键。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of HFMD in Chun’an County, Zhejiang Province. Methods: According to the report of 568 cases of HFMD reported by Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System in Zhejiang Province from 2009 to 2010, the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of the cases were analyzed by referring to the combination of medical records, telephone surveys and household surveys Conduct investigation and analysis. Results: A total of 568 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were investigated in children and 560 cases of effective information were obtained, of which 525 were mild and 35 were severe. The cases mainly came from the rural areas of Chun’an County (81.07%), mainly scattered children (85.71%), and the age groups were between 1 and 3 years old (82.32%). Only 51 cases (9.11%) had a clear history of exposure with an incubation period of 3 days and a course of 6 days. The incidences of rash and fever were 100% and 53.04% respectively. Except fever and rash, the incidences of other symptoms and other signs were 28.39% and 18.88%, respectively. Compared with mild cases, severe cases of fever, other symptoms, signs and complications of a higher incidence of fever, rash duration and duration of a longer, to the first fever after the rash, other symptoms, other Signs and complications heavier. Conclusion: Hand-foot-mouth disease is mainly mild and low-age children are susceptible to disease. Publicity and education on knowledge of grass-roots and foot-and-mouth disease should be strengthened. Training on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease among medical staff is the key to prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease in children .