前言 消油剂亦称乳化分散剂,或广义地称之为石油处理剂。它是当前广泛应用海上溢油处理的一类化学药剂。 早在60年代,世界上一些国家就开始应用消油剂处理海上溢油,但由于最初使用消油剂处理海上溢油时,只注重了消除油污的效果,而没有足够重视对海洋生物的毒性影响,所以曾一度给消油剂处理海上溢油工作造成不良影响。例如,1967年在英国的兰茨恩德海面的七石礁,“托里·卡尼恩”号油轮搁浅,海上溢油达10万吨。为了处理这样大量的溢油,当时曾使用相当量的“消油剂” (确切地说应是“洗净剂”)。但由于这种“消油剂”对海洋生物毒害较大,造成有些海区甚至成为无生物区,为此,英国海洋生物协会等进行了大规模 Preface Dispersants are also known as emulsifying dispersants, or broadly referred to as petroleum treatment agents. It is currently a kind of chemical agent widely used in oil spill treatment at sea. As early as the 1960s, some countries in the world started to apply oil dispersants to treat oil spills at sea. However, as oil dispersants were initially used to treat offshore oil spills, they focused only on the effects of oil pollution and did not pay enough attention to the toxicity to marine organisms Therefore, it once had a negative impact on the oil spill treatment of oil spills at sea. For example, in 1967 at the Seven Seas Reef in Lands End, England, the “Tori Canion” tanker ran aground and the oil spilled 100,000 tons at sea. In order to deal with such a large amount of oil spills, a considerable amount of “dispersant” (exactly “detergent”) was used at the time. However, due to the “dispersant” on the marine life more toxic, resulting in some sea areas or even become non-biological area, for which, the British Marine Life Society conducted a large-scale