论文部分内容阅读
为探明不同秸秆还田方式对大田表层(0~5cm)土壤有机质及速效养分的影响,设置4种不同秸秆还田方式:秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆焚烧还田(SA)、秸秆粉碎还田(SC)、秸秆高留茬还田(SH)。结果表明:秸秆直接还田(SC、SH)显著提高了土壤有机质含量(P<0.05),在玉米苗期、大喇叭口期、成熟期相比CK提高幅度分别为0.5%~5.3%、2.6%~9.5%、4.5%~18.9%;秸秆焚烧还田降低了土壤有机质含量,各时期分别比CK降低8.9%、14.7%、8.5%。对速效磷、速效钾的影响,各处理表现为SC>SH>SA>CK,经过玉米生育期,三种还田处理的速效磷、速效钾含量分别比CK提高了24.5%~53.9%、24.6%~70.9%。玉米生育期内,SA、SC、SH的速效氮(硝态氮、铵态氮)含量相比CK的增加幅度呈现先减小后增加的趋势。SC的硝态氮含量在玉米苗期和大喇叭口期高于其他处理,铵态氮含量在玉米成熟期高于其他处理;SA的硝态氮含量在玉米成熟期高于其他处理,铵态氮含量在玉米苗期和大喇叭口期高于其他处理;经过玉米生育期,三种还田处理的硝态氮、铵态氮分别比CK提高了9.4%~57.2%,10.5%~50.2%。综合各项指标,秸秆粉碎还田处理对土壤有机质和速效养分的积累有最明显的作用。
In order to find out the effect of different ways of straw returning on soil organic matter and available nutrients in the field (0 ~ 5cm), four different straw returning methods were set up: straw returning without straw (CK), straw burning returning to the field (SA) Crushed to the field (SC), straw stubble back to field (SH). The results showed that soil organic matter content increased significantly by direct straw returning (SC, SH) (P <0.05), and increased by 0.5% ~ 5.3% at maize seedling stage, % ~ 9.5% and 4.5% ~ 18.9%, respectively. Incineration of straw reduced the content of soil organic matter by 8.9%, 14.7% and 8.5% respectively compared with CK. The available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 24.5% -53.9% and 24.6%, respectively, compared with that of CK after three growth stages of maize % ~ 70.9%. During the growth period of corn, the content of available nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen) in SA, SC and SH increased at first and then increased compared with CK. The contents of nitrate nitrogen in SC were higher than those in other treatments at the seedling stage and boll stage, while the content of ammonium nitrogen in maturing stage was higher than that in other treatments. The content of nitrate nitrogen in SA was higher than that in other treatments at maturity, Nitrogen content was higher than other treatments at the seedling stage and the trumpet stage of maize. After the growth of maize, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the three treatments increased by 9.4% -57.2%, 10.5% -50.2% . According to all the indexes, straw crushing and returning to soil treatment have the most obvious effect on the accumulation of soil organic matter and available nutrients.