第二次世界大战以后,人们在总结以往作战经验的基础上,对轻武器的整体效能进行了深入的研究,其中最有权威性的要数1952年美国开展的“齐射”研究计划了。这个计划得出了两个重要的结论:一是步枪的作战距离无需超过400米;二是小口径枪弹在400米内有更好的杀伤效果。在此思想的推动下,世界上逐渐掀起了一股突击步枪小口径化的浪潮。从1958年美国M16自动步枪被美军选用至今,小口径化浪潮已接近尾声。然而,在北约其它国家早已全面换装了小口径枪族之后,德国才终于放下了它在1959年列装的发射中间型弹药的7.62毫米G3步枪(图1上)。《兵器 After World War II, people conducted an in-depth study on the overall effectiveness of light weapons, based on a summary of past combat experience. The most authoritative one was the project “Salvo” launched by the United States in 1952 . The plan draws two important conclusions: First, the operational range of a rifle does not need to exceed 400 meters; Second, small-caliber bullets have a better killing effect within 400 meters. Driven by this thinking, there has been a wave of small-caliber assault rifles in the world. Since the 1958 U.S. M16 automatic rifle has been selected by the U.S. military, the wave of small caliber has come to an end. However, Germany had finally laid down its 7.62 mm G3 rifle fired at intermediate ammunition (shown in Figure 1), which was installed in 1959, after a complete replacement of the small-caliber gun families in other NATO countries. "weapon