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习惯化是最简单的一种记忆模式,然而迄今为止在哺乳动物中这种记忆模式的神经机制还有大量未知的领域。该文总结了近年来一系列的各种研究哺乳动物气味习惯化的实验,包括离体和活体的突触生理学实验、感觉生理学、行为药理学以及计算机建模方法,结果显示在这种记忆模式中,一种代谢型的谷氨酸受体调节的嗅觉皮层传入突触抑制是必需的,而且很可能这种抑制正是皮质感觉适应性和短时程的行为学习惯化的原因。另外,长时程的习惯化被发现与嗅球内的N-甲酰-D天门冬氨酸(NMDA)受体调节的过程有关。因此,不论是在药理学上,还是解剖学上短时程和长时程习惯化均有显著的区别,而这些区别导致两种习惯化不同的特征,比如气味特异性。
Habitualization is the simplest form of memory, yet there are a large number of unknown areas in the neural mechanism of this pattern of memory in mammals so far. This article summarizes a series of recent experiments on mammalian odor habit, including in vitro and in vivo synaptic physiology experiments, sensory physiology, behavioral pharmacology and computer modeling methods. The results show that in this memory model , A metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated olfactory cortical afferent synaptic depression is required, and it is likely that this inhibition is precisely why cortical sensory adaptation and short-term behavioral learning are more prevalent. In addition, long-term habituation was found to be involved in the regulation of N-formyl-D aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the olfactory bulb. Thus, there is a significant difference, both pharmacologically and anatomically, in short-term and long-term habits, and these differences result in two different characteristics that are habitually different, such as odor-specific.