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目的了解我国贫困地区小学生的营养现状,为制定营养相关的援助工作提供基线资料。方法选取广西和云南国家级贫困县共9所学校2046名小学生作为研究对象,内容包括医学体检、血红蛋白的测定和膳食调查,并采用WHO 2007年制定的儿童生长发育标准评价学生的营养状况。结果广西和云南贫困地区6～14岁小学生的生长迟缓检出率为34.3%,消瘦检出率为6.5%,贫血患病率为20.5%。当地学校食堂提供的膳食以植物性食物为主,动物性食物偏低,烹调用油主要是猪油,每日学校膳食人均提供的能量为6233.59kJ,蛋白质为36.36g,维生素A为179.15μg,维生素B1为0.57mg,维生素B2为0.37mg,维生素C为53.67mg,钙为163.14mg,均未达到推荐摄入量或适宜摄入量。结论广西及云南贫困地区小学生慢性营养不良现象依然严重,当地学校食堂提供的膳食种类较单一,不能满足小学生对能量、蛋白质和微量营养素的需求。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of pupils in poverty-stricken areas in China and provide baseline information for the development of nutrition-related assistance. Methods Totally 2046 primary school students from 9 schools in Guangxi and Yunnan national poor counties were included in this study. The subjects included medical examination, hemoglobin test and dietary survey. The nutritional status of students was evaluated according to the WHO standard of 2007 for children’s growth and development. Results The detection rate of stunting was 34.3% in pupils aged 6-14 in poor areas of Guangxi and Yunnan. The detection rate of wasting was 6.5% and the prevalence of anemia was 20.5%. Local school canteens provide meals mainly plant foods, animal foods are low, the main cooking oil is lard, daily school meal per capita energy is 6233.59kJ, protein is 36.36g, vitamin A is 179.15μg, Vitamin B1 was 0.57mg, vitamin B2 was 0.37mg, vitamin C was 53.67mg, calcium was 163.14mg, did not reach the recommended intake or appropriate intake. Conclusions Chronic malnutrition among primary school students in poor areas of Guangxi and Yunnan is still serious. The type of diet provided by local school canteens is rather single, which can not meet the needs of pupils for energy, protein and micronutrients.