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寨卡病毒病是由寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)感染引起的一种新病毒病。寨卡病毒为黄病毒的一种,由伊蚊属蚊子传播,对成人不会造成生命危险,但其与罕见的格林巴利综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome,GBS)及新生儿小头症有关,因此,与全世界的公共卫生健康息息相关。起初该病仅在非洲地区流行,1980年传入东南亚,2007年传入密克罗尼西亚,于2014年传入美国并呈现出扩大蔓延趋势,引起世界卫生组织高度重视。2016年,在我国确诊了ZIKV输入性感染病例。本文就ZIKV的分子生物学特征、传播途径、流行病学、临床症状、诊断、预防等方面作一综述,为其相关研究提供参考。
Zika virus disease is a new viral disease caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Zika virus is a type of flavivirus that is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and is not life-threatening in adults but related to the rare Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and neonatal headache Therefore, it is closely related to the public health in the world. At first, the disease was endemic in Africa only. It was spread to Southeast Asia in 1980 and then to Micronesia in 2007, and spread to the United States in 2014 with the trend of spreading. It attracted great attention of World Health Organization. In 2016, cases of imported ZIKV infections were confirmed in our country. This article reviews the molecular biology features, transmission pathways, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and prevention of ZIKV and provides reference for their related research.