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在多年广泛研究的基础上 ,从作物品种资源的重要性角度出发 ,对水稻直立穗型基因的多样性和多效性及穗型遗传规律等遗传特性进行了分析讨论。认为水稻直立穗型基因应该是多位点和多样性的 ,对我国北方地区来说 ,应加强水稻直立穗型基因多样性的研究 ,以拓宽现有直立穗型品种的遗传基础 ,防止大面积病虫害的发生。目前已发现至少 3个相互异位的直立穗型基因 ,均为主效核基因 ,且有显性和隐性之分 ,彼此遵循基因的自由重组和独立分配规律。对于巴利拉型基因位点来说 ,直立穗型相对于弯曲穗型可能是不完全显性。巴利拉型直立穗型基因具有一定的多效性 ,其直立穗型与某些形态生理性状存在着密切的联系 ,但多数是由不同基因控制的。表明在育种实践上 ,既可以根据直立穗型对其它性状进行筛选 ,提高育种效率 ,又可以按照育种目标实现直立穗型与其它性状的优化组配。此外 ,对直立穗型在杂交稻上的应用及直立穗型与抗倒性的关系进行了讨论。
Based on extensive research for many years, the genetic characteristics of erect panicle genes diversity and pleiotropism in rice and the genetic law of panicle type were analyzed and discussed from the perspective of crop variety resources. It is suggested that the erect panicle type genes of rice should be multi-locus and diversity. For the northern part of China, the research on the gene diversity of erect panicle type in rice should be strengthened to broaden the genetic basis of the existing erect panicle varieties and prevent the large area The occurrence of pests and diseases. Up to now, at least three ectopic panicle genes have been found, which are both major and minor nuclear genes. They are both dominant and recessive and follow the rules of free recombination and independent distribution of genes. For the Barrera-type locus, the erect panicle may not be completely dominant relative to the curved panicle. Barrera erect panicle genes have some pleiotropy, and their erect panicle types are closely related to some morphological and physiological traits, but most are controlled by different genes. It indicated that in practice, both other traits could be screened according to erect panicle to improve the breeding efficiency, and the optimal combination of erect panicle and other traits could be achieved according to breeding objectives. In addition, the application of erect panicle on hybrid rice and the relationship between erect panicle and lodging resistance were discussed.