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20世纪后期以来,“外包”成为了组织管理的一种常见手段,并构成了今天公共管理和私人管理中最显著的特征。外包改变了管理的性质,将管理从一种组织活动变成了一种社会化的活动。管理的社会化开辟了解决管理问题的多元途径,但也造成了“权责一致”这一传统组织原则的失效,使管理变成了一种不负责任的管理。社会化的管理活动呼唤合作治理的管理模式,这种模式要求颠覆管理理论对“核心能力”与“非核心能力”、“掌舵”与“划桨”的传统划分,而在管理过程充分开放的基础上建立管理主体间的合作关系。在社会化条件下,唯有合作治理才能成为负责任的管理模式。
Since the late 20th century, “outsourcing” has become a common means of organization and management and constitutes the most prominent feature of today’s public administration and private management. Outsourcing has changed the nature of management and transformed management from an organizational activity into a social activity. The socialization of management opens up multiple ways to solve management problems, but it also causes the failure of the traditional principle of “authority and responsibility” and makes management into an irresponsible management. Social management activities call for the management mode of cooperative governance, which requires subversion management theory to the traditional division of “core competence” and “non-core competence”, “steering” and “paddle” , While the management process is fully open based on the establishment of cooperation between the management of the main. Under social conditions, only cooperative governance can become a responsible management model.