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观察克隆病时Ｐ物质阳性神经组织、肥大细胞形态变化，并探讨其在该病发病中的作用。方法：应用免疫组织化学、组织化学方法对２７例克隆病（回肠１４例，结肠１３例），１０例对照组肠壁Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）阳性神经纤维、神经元及肥大细胞进行观察。用形态计量学方法计量ＳＰ阳性神经组织的体密度及肥大细胞密度。结果：克隆病时肠壁粘膜下层神经纤维增生，部分呈“神经瘤样”改变，ＳＰ阳性神经元数量增多。粘膜下层及肌间神经丛ＳＰ阳性神经组织体密度与对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。粘膜下层小血管周围有较多ＳＰ阳性神经纤维分布并与血管壁接触。粘膜下层与肌层肥大细胞密度均较对照组增加（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＳＰ阳性神经组织通过调节小血管反应，及肥大细胞在克隆病发病中发挥一定作用。
To observe the morphological changes of substance P-positive nerve tissue and mast cells in Crohn’s disease and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods: 27 cases of Crohn’s disease (14 cases of ileum and 13 cases of colon) and 10 cases of control group were observed by immunohistochemistry and histochemical staining. SP positive nerve fibers, neurons and mast cells were observed. Body morphology and mast cell density of SP positive nerve tissue were measured by morphometry. Results: Crohn’s disease resulted in hyperplasia of the submucosal nerve fibers in the intestinal wall. Some of them showed “neuroma-like” changes and the number of SP-positive neurons increased. Submucosa and myenteric plexus SP positive nerve tissue density compared with the control group were significantly different (P <0.01, P <0.05). Submucosa small blood vessels around the more SP positive nerve fiber distribution and contact with the vessel wall. Mucous submucosa and myometrial cell density than the control group increased (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion: SP-positive neural tissue plays a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease by regulating small vessel responses and mast cells.