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从分析折射波时距曲线入手，确定地层性质突变的临界点，利用通过该点时距曲线的时距方程，建立临界方程和临界方程法．以临界方程计算出的地层临界厚度值与待判层厚度无关，二者比值决定了待判地层性质．用以上规律判定地层性质的方法，笔者定义为临界方程法，这是一种应用数学运算判定地层性质的方法．运算与判定均可在微机上实现，与先绘制时距曲线而后用肉眼判定的传统方法相比，具有定量给出地层性质突变的临界值和自动给出判定结果的优点．最后给出了模型试算结果．
Starting from the analysis of refraction wave time-distance curves, the critical point of sudden change of formation property is determined. By using the time-distance equation passing the curve from time to time curve, a critical equation and a critical equation method are established. The critical layer thickness calculated by the critical equation has nothing to do with the thickness of the layer to be adjudged. The ratio of the two determines the nature of the layer to be sentenced. Using the above method to determine the nature of the formation, I define the critical equation method, which is a mathematical method to determine the nature of strata. Compared with the traditional method of first drawing the time curve and then judging with the naked eye, the calculation and the determination can be performed quantitatively by giving the critical value of the sudden change of formation property and automatically giving the judgment result. Finally, the model trial results are given.