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依托陕西安塞旱作农区田间小区试验,通过2 a定位观测,分析了传统翻耕施化肥(CF)、翻耕施有机肥(CM)、翻耕不施肥(CN)、免耕施化肥(NF)、免耕施有机肥(NM)、免耕不施肥(NN)6个处理对大豆—玉米、红小豆—马铃薯两个轮作系统生产力及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,免耕保墒蓄水的生态经济效用存在一定的降水量范围,在这个范围内,免耕比翻耕保墒效果好,免耕下4种作物均表现出较好的生态经济效益,马铃薯、红小豆、玉米以NF较优,而大豆以NM较优。在低于免耕效用降水量最低临界值下,4种作物经济效益都以施肥较优,施肥下以免耕略优,但与翻耕一般无显著差异。在水分利用效率方面,免耕施肥略优。在6种处理和两个轮作系统下,4种常见作物的经济产量从大到小依次为马铃薯、玉米、大豆、红小豆,玉米、马铃薯、红小豆3种作物在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑旱作农区的较优耕作管理方式为NF,其次是大豆NM。
Based on the field experiment of dry land farming in Ansai, Shaanxi Province, the effects of conventional tillage application of chemical fertilizer (CF), tillage-applied organic fertilizer (CM), tillage without fertilization (CN) (NF), no-tillage (NM) and no-tillage (NN) on the productivity and water use efficiency of soybean-corn and red adzuki-potato. The results showed that there was a certain range of precipitation in ecological and economic benefits of no-tillage moisture storage, and within this range, no-tillage was better than tillage with soil moisture conservation, and no-tillage four crops showed good ecological and economic benefits. Potato , Red bean, corn to NF better, while the soybean to NM better. Under the lowest critical value of no-tillage effect, the economic benefits of all four crops were better than that of no-tillage, but no significant difference compared with tillage. In terms of water use efficiency, no-till fertilization slightly better. Under the six treatments and two rotation systems, the economic yields of the four common crops were, in descending order, the crops of potato, corn, soybean, adzuki bean, corn, potato and adzuki bean in dryland The better tillage management in rural areas is NF, followed by soybean NM.