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砂岩孔隙的形成受众多因素的控制,总的来说,包括沉积岩形成的两大作用即沉积作用和成岩作用控制。沉积盆地的性质和沉积环境在一定程度上控制了沉积物的性质,包括沉积物的组成、岩石的结构和原生孔隙度。从时间与进程来说,沉积作用所经历的时间相对较短而进程较快,成岩作用所经历的时间相对较长而进程缓慢,从其对孔隙度和渗透率的控制作用来说,成岩作用的研究难度相对较大。砂岩次生孔隙的形成机制包括有:①大气水的注入产生的孔隙;②有机质热演化产生的CO2对孔隙形成具有一定的贡献;③有机酸作为产生地下孔隙的流体介质;④硅酸盐的水解作用;⑤冷却地层水对碳酸盐矿物的溶解形成孔隙等。这些孔隙的形成机制特别是新提出的大气水的溶解作用对于次生孔隙成因的解释和地下岩石孔隙的预测意义十分重要。
The formation of sandstone pores is controlled by many factors. In general, the two major functions of sedimentary rock formation include sedimentation and diagenesis control. The nature of the sedimentary basin and its depositional environment control to some extent the nature of sediments, including sediment composition, rock structure and primary porosity. From the time and process, the sedimentation time is relatively short and the process is relatively quick. The diagenesis time is relatively long and the process is slow. From its control on the porosity and permeability, diagenesis The difficulty of research is relatively large. The formation mechanism of secondary porosity in sandstone includes: ① porosity generated by the injection of atmospheric water; ② CO2 produced by thermal evolution of organic matter contributing to pore formation; ③ organic acid acting as a fluid medium for generating underground pores; Hydrolysis; ⑤ cooling formation water on the dissolution of carbonate minerals to form pores and so on. The formation mechanism of these pores, especially the newly proposed dissolution of atmospheric water, is very important for the interpretation of the origin of secondary pores and the prediction of the underground rock pores.