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目的:观察口腔鳞癌和癌旁正常组织中Smad4和Smad7表达量的变化,探讨Smad4和Smad7对口腔鳞癌发生和发展的影响。方法:收集临床和病理学诊断为OSCC的病例72例。取癌组织和癌旁正常组织做切片,用SP免疫组化法分别检测Smad4和Smad7在口腔鳞癌和正常组织中的表达,采用SPSS11.5软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:Smad4蛋白在癌旁正常组织中的阳性表达率为69.44%,在口腔鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率为45.83%(P<0.05),且随着分化程度的降低其阳性表达率降低;有淋巴结转移者阳性表达率为22.50%,无淋巴结转移者阳性表达率为65.63%(P<0.05)。Smad7蛋白在癌旁正常组织中的阳性表达率为19.44%,在口腔鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率为83.33%(P<0.05),且随着分化程度的降低其阳性表达率升高;有淋巴结转移者阳性表达率为92.50%,无淋巴结转移者阳性表达率为68.75%(P<0.05)。结论:Smad4在癌组织中表达明显减少,且分化程度越低,表达越少,Smad4在有淋巴结转移的组织中比在无淋巴结转移的组织中表达低;Smad7的作用则相反。Smad4的表达缺失可能促进了口腔鳞癌的发展和转移,Smad7的过表达促进了口腔鳞癌的发展和转移;BMP/Smads信号传导通路受到抑制,可能会导致口腔鳞癌的继续发生和发展。
Objective: To observe the changes of Smad4 and Smad7 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues, and to explore the effects of Smad4 and Smad7 on the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Seventy-two cases of OSCC diagnosed clinically and pathologically were collected. Tissues from normal tissues and adjacent tissues were obtained. The expression of Smad4 and Smad7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal tissues were detected by SP immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed by SPSS11.5 software package. Results: The positive expression rate of Smad4 protein in normal tissue adjacent to cancer was 69.44%, while the positive expression rate in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 45.83% (P <0.05). The positive expression rate of Smad4 protein decreased with the differentiation degree. The positive rate of lymph node metastasis was 22.50%, and the positive rate of lymph node metastasis was 65.63% (P <0.05). The positive rate of Smad7 protein was 19.44% in normal tissues and 83.33% in oral squamous cell carcinoma (P <0.05), and the positive rate of Smad7 protein was higher with the degree of differentiation The positive rate of lymph node metastasis was 92.50%, and the positive rate of lymph node metastasis was 68.75% (P <0.05). Conclusion: The expression of Smad4 is significantly decreased in cancerous tissues, and the lower the degree of differentiation, the less expression of Smad4. The expression of Smad4 is lower in the tissues with lymph node metastasis than in the tissues without lymph node metastasis. The effect of Smad7 is opposite. Overexpression of Smad7 promotes the development and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and the inhibition of BMP / Smads signaling pathway may lead to the continued occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.