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朱熹在其理气观的基础上提出了“文道合一”的文道观。他主张文与道是不可分割的,文皆是从道中流出来。但他认为道是根本,文是枝叶,道比文更为重要,道是决定的因素。他的这一主张给予文学以一定的地位,从而完善并修正了此前理学家的文道观,显得更为通达和精致;但他过于偏重道的地位和作用,甚至把伦理道德作为评价文章成就高低的唯一标准,这表明了朱熹的文道观仍然是一种理学家的文道观。这一文道观对后世文学发展有着重要影响,同时也限制了朱熹自身的文学成就。尽管如此,朱熹仍然是理学家中成就最大的作家。
On the basis of his qi-qi view, Zhu Xi put forward his article view of “unity of literature and culture”. He advocated that text is an integral part of Taoism, and texts flow out of the Tao. However, he believes that the Tao is fundamental, the text is a branch and a pagoda, and the more important is the Pao-wen language. The Tao is a decisive factor. His assertion gave literature a certain status, so as to perfect and correct the Confucianism and Taoism of the former Neo-Confucianism, which is more accessible and exquisite. However, he lacks too much emphasis on the status and role of Taoism and even regards ethics as the evaluation of the achievement of the article This shows that Zhu Xi’s Taoist concept is still a kind of Confucianist Taoist view. This Taoist concept has an important influence on the development of literature in the later generations, and at the same time, it limits Zhu Xi’s own literary achievement. Nevertheless, Zhu Xi remains the most accomplished writer among the philosophers.