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本文建立了一个简化的一般均衡模型,将产品的可循环性指标纳入产品的制造决策,考察促进“生产者责任延伸”的各种政策安排。分析表明:在不存在循环市场失灵的情况下,庇古税就可以达到社会福利最大化。但如果存在非法处置,庇古税失效,押金-退款、投入与产出税替代、附带产品税的标准管制可以作为替代方案。使分散决策恢复社会最优水平的政策安排不是唯一的,但这些政策能够发挥促进“生产者责任延伸”作用的必要条件是要能同时兼顾产出效应和替代效应。当循环市场的价格传递机制失灵时,政策安排更为复杂,庇古税与其他替代方案(如押金—退款)是互补的关系而不是替代关系。
This paper establishes a simplified general equilibrium model that incorporates product recyclability indicators into product manufacturing decisions and examines various policy arrangements that promote “producer responsibility extension.” The analysis shows that in the absence of circular market failure, Pigovian tax can achieve the maximization of social welfare. However, standard controls with product taxes can be used as alternatives if there is an unlawful disposition, the failure of Pigouvian taxes, the deposit-refunds, input and output tax surrogates. The policy arrangements that restore decentralized decisions to the best of society are not unique, but the necessary conditions for these policies to play a role in promoting “producer responsibility extension” are to take both output and substitution effects into account. Policy arrangements are more complicated when the price transfer mechanism in the cyclical market fails, and Pigouvian taxes are complementary rather than alternative to other alternatives such as deposits - refunds.