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为了解内蒙古农、牧区儿童营养状况及当地饮食结构与营养缺乏病的关系,以及实施干预措施前后儿童营养性疾病发病率的变化,我们于1990年至1993年4年间,在内蒙古东、西部地区三个旗(县),对2400余名5岁以下儿童进行了营养监测。在干预前基础调查的前题下,针对被调查地区儿童营养缺乏性疾病(贫血、佝偻病、营养不良、患病率分别为46.7％,58.5％,7.1％)发病率高的状况,实施了干预措施。内容包括:1.举办父母课堂,培训基层卫生人员,向他们讲授并通过他们向更多的群众宣传营养方面的知识,如母乳喂养,辅食添加,贫血、佝偻病的防治等内容。2.编印《科学育儿知识问答》小册子发到干预点儿童父母手中,并利用电视、广播、板报、幻灯等多种形式向广大家长进行营养宣教。3.对干预点的儿童有针对性的投药,如扎鲁特旗贫血患病率高,膳食调查显示该地区饮食中铁的摄入量并不低,而维生C的摄入远远少于供给量标准,故投以维生素C来提高铁的吸收利用率;佝偻病患病率高的地区投以维生素D。干预后现场调查结果表明:贫血、佝偻病、营养不良的患病率分别下降为23.6,34.3％,2.9％。提示:实施行之有效的干预措施是降低儿童营养缺乏病的重要措施,值得推广。
In order to understand the nutritional status of children in farming and pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia and the relationship between the local diet structure and nutritional deficiencies, and the changes of nutritional diseases in children before and after the implementation of interventions, from 1990 to 1993, in the eastern and western regions of Inner Mongolia Three banners (counties) conducted nutrition monitoring of more than 2,400 children under 5 years of age. Under the pre-intervention baseline survey, interventions were conducted to address the high prevalence of childhood undernutrition (anemia, rickets, malnutrition, 46.7%, 58.5%, 7.1%) in the surveyed areas Measures. Topics include: 1. Hold parents’ classes, train primary health workers, teach them and use them to educate more people about nutrition, such as breastfeeding, complementary feeding, anemia, and prevention and treatment of rickets. 2. To compile a booklet on “Scientific Pedagogical Questions and Answers” and send them to the parents of the interventional children, and use the television, radio, bulletin board and slideshows to carry out nutrition education to the general public. 3. Targeted administration to children at interventional sites, such as the high prevalence of anemia in Zalut, dietary surveys showing that the intake of iron in the diet is not low, and the intake of vitamin C is far less than the supply standard , So voted to increase the absorption of vitamin C iron utilization; rickets in areas with high prevalence of vitamin D cast. After the intervention, the field survey results showed that the prevalence of anemia, rickets and malnutrition decreased to 23.6, 34.3% and 2.9% respectively. Tip: Implementing effective interventions is an important measure to reduce child malnutrition and is worth promoting.