本文作者马文·哈里斯是美国“马克思主义人类学”的著名代表人物,其所倡导的“文化唯物主义”的立足点“基础结构决定论”实际上源自于马克思“存在决定意识”的思想观点。在本文中,作者深入探讨了苏联和东欧社会主义国家解体在理论与例证意义上给人类学界带来的影响,阐述了苏联与东欧解体给马克思主义理论提出的新的问题。其中的一些观点,虽然我们难以认同,却颇具借鉴价值,对于国内人类学的研究也是不无裨益的。 The author of this article, Marvin Harris, is a famous representative of the “Marxist anthropology” in the United States. The foothold advocated by “cultural materialism” advocated by “Basic Structure Determinism” actually originated from Marx “There is a sense of decision ” thinking point of view. In this paper, the author explores in depth the impact of the disintegration of the socialist countries in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe on anthropology in the sense of theory and illustration, and elaborates on the new issues raised by the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in Marxist theory. Some of these views, although difficult to identify with us, are rather valuable for the study of domestic anthropology is not without benefit.