《钢铁是怎样炼成的》(以下简称《钢铁》)在前苏联曾被奉为经典性文学作品,无论是中学还是大学的文学教科书,都设有专章或是专节介绍这部作品,而且给予极高的评价。前苏联解体后,这部作品被剔除在文学教科书之外,而且文学评论界越来越趋向于全盘否定这部作品。笔者以为,应该一分为二地、科学历史地评论这部作品,既不能因其富有教益而将其奉为苏俄最优秀的文学作品,也不应该全盘否定,将其“送到历史博物馆里”。 “How Steel Is Made” (hereinafter referred to as “Iron and Steel”) was regarded as a classic literary work in the former Soviet Union. No matter it is a textbook for middle school or university, there is a special chapter or section introducing this work, And give very high rating. After the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the work was excluded from literary textbooks, and literary critics increasingly tended to totally negate the work. I think it should be divided into two, the history of science commented on this work, neither because of its rich teachings will be regarded as the most outstanding Soviet-Russian literary works, nor should be totally rejected, the “sent to the Museum of History in”.