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专利联盟正逐渐成为高新技术产业发展的主导范式,其产业影响遍及全球,并已引起经济学家们的普遍关注。将专利联盟纳入公共产品的范畴分析,给出了一个联盟“形成困境”问题的解决方案。首先,从本质和技术界定两个层面分析了专利联盟的公共产品属性,结论表明专利联盟是一种公共产品。其次,设计了一个G-C机制,它使专利权人如实报告联盟的影响,在公平自愿的基础上加入帕累托改进的联盟,并否决非帕累托改进的联盟。再次,向G-C机制中引入Clarke税,在联盟成立的情况下抵消政府的高额补贴支出,在联盟不成立情况下惩罚垄断专利权人。最后,指出政府在设计专利联盟时须注意的问题。
The patent alliance is gradually becoming the dominant paradigm for the development of high-tech industries. Its industrial influence has spread all over the world and it has drawn the widespread attention of economists. The Patent Union into the category of public goods analysis, gives a coalition “solution to the problem ” solution. First of all, from the essence and the technical definition of the two levels analyzed the patent product’s public product attributes, the conclusion shows that the patent alliance is a public product. Second, a G-C mechanism was devised which enabled the patentee to faithfully report the impact of the coalition by joining Pareto-improved coalitions on a fair and voluntary basis and rejecting non-Pareto improved coalitions. Thirdly, Clarke tax was introduced into the G-C mechanism to offset the government’s high subsidy spending when the coalition was established and to punish the monopolist if the coalition was not established. Finally, it points out the issues that the government should pay attention to in designing the patent alliance.