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提出了岩石破裂的两阶段模型。在第一阶段,裂纹或局部的破坏是互不相关的,与以前含裂纹的负载相应,在岩石内随机萌生。随着岩石中损伤的累积,大丛集的空间上密集的裂纹和局部破坏区发育的可能性逐渐增大。在裂纹群扩展到足以形成更大一级破坏(第二阶段)岩石裂纹的地方先出现临界破坏密度。通过统计分析可知,空间上邻近的裂纹群内出现裂纹相互作用和协同裂纹时,裂纹群的最初发育是以业已存在的裂纹群中的随机变量为基础进行预测的。这样,模型中不稳定的第二阶段的开始可从随机的、不相关的破裂的产生中计算出来。本文提出的模型综合了固体强度的动力学概念(时间相关)、岩石的分散等级结构及导致破裂增加的裂纹群。该模型的优点是对于包括地震过程在内的大范围尺度级别的破裂过程它都是正确的。引入了裂纹等级(裂纹大小)概念,提出了裂纹集结作用和破裂过程从一个级别向另一个级别的转变。
A two-stage model of rock failure is proposed. In the first stage, cracks or local damage are irrelevant, corresponding to the previous crack-bearing loads and randomly generated within the rock. With the accumulation of damage in the rock, the possibility of the development of spatially intensive cracks and localized destruction of large clusters increases. The critical detonation density first appears where the crack population expands enough to form a larger level of rock damage (Stage II). Through statistical analysis, we can see that the initial development of the crack group is predicted based on the random variables in the pre-existing crack group when there are crack interactions and cooperative cracks in the spatially adjacent crack groups. In this way, the onset of the second phase of instability in the model can be calculated from the generation of random, irrelevant fractures. The proposed model incorporates the concept of kinetics (time-dependent) of solid strength, the hierarchical structure of rocks and the group of cracks that lead to an increase in fracture. The advantage of this model is that it is correct for a wide range of scale-level ruptures, including seismic processes. The concept of crack level (crack size) is introduced, and the transition from one level to another is proposed for the role of crack packing and the rupture process.