Prinzmetal 氏等1959年描述了一组特殊型心绞痛病人,称之《变异型心绞痛》,其特征为心绞痛发作是在休息时,并不由体力和精神负荷而引起,心电图上有 ST -段抬高。这不能由有固定的冠状血管狭窄所致血供不足再加上氧需求增高来解释,因此著者推测其病理生理学机制是冠状动脉暂时的痉挛性狭窄。以后,许多研究直接证实了这个假定。经典心绞痛与变异型心绞痛的鉴别诊断时常有困难,尤其病史陈诉和检查结果不完 Prinzmetal et al. 1959 described a group of patients with special-type angina known as “variant angina,” characterized by angina pectoris at rest, not by physical and mental stress, and ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. This can not be explained by the lack of blood supply due to fixed coronary stenosis, coupled with the increased oxygen demand, so the authors speculate that its pathophysiological mechanism is transient spastic stenosis of the coronary arteries. Since then, many studies have directly confirmed this hypothesis. Classic angina pectoris and variant angina in the differential diagnosis is often difficult, especially in the history of the report and examination results