The novel shish-kebab-type liquid crystalline poly(p-phenylene)s were synthesized through Suzuki coupling reaction from 2,5-bis[(4-n-alkoxyl)benzoyloxy]1,4-dibromobenzene (monomer 1) and 1,4-benzenediboronic acid bistrimethylene cyclic ester (monomer 2). Their structure and properties were characterized by GPC, DSC, X-ray diffraction and polarizing optical microscope (POM). It was found that the polymers turned to liquid crystalline phase above their melting point. The melting point (Tm) of the polymers decreases when the length of the alkoxy tails of the mesogenic units increases. The mesophase was identified by X-ray diffraction method. The polymers could dissolve in common organic solvents and show strong blue fluorescence. The maximum absorption bands of polymers prepared from annealed films have large red-shift due to the spontaneous orientation of the liquid crystalline side chains. The same phenomena were also observed in the fluorescence spectra.