微生物包括细菌、放线菌和真菌等。说起细菌,我们几乎都会谈菌色变,什么霍乱菌、痢疾菌等,都是面目可憎的恶魔,因此,人们一向视细菌为洪水猛兽。其实这些种类繁多的微生物与人类的关系非常密切,有些对人类有害,有些对人类有益,如青霉素、链霉素、先锋霉素等数百种药物就是从微生物中分离出来的;有些虽与人类没有直接的利益关系,但在生物圈的物质循环中具有关 Micro-organisms include bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. Speaking of bacteria, we almost always talk about bacteria discoloration, what cholera bacteria, dysentery bacteria, are the demon face evil, therefore, people have always regarded bacteria as a scourge. In fact, these kinds of microbes are very closely related to human beings. Some are harmful to human beings and some are beneficial to human beings. For example, hundreds of drugs such as penicillin, streptomycin and cephalosporin are isolated from microorganisms; There is no direct interest, but it is relevant in the material cycle of the biosphere