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概述了中国农业植物突变育种与同位素示踪应用的成就与进展。中国植物突变育种在作物改良和诱发突变方法的研究上取得了显著成就,迄今为止,已在29种不同的植物中获得325个突变品种以及数以千计的有利用价值的突变体。突变品种的种植面积达1000万公顷。此外,还系统地研究了诱发突变方法,例如:诱变处理的技术、多种诱变因素的利用、突变的鉴定及选育方法等。文中还概述了放射性同位素示踪技术在农业许多研究领域中的应用。同位素示踪技术在土壤肥料、植物营养、环境保护、植物固氮、动物繁殖与疾病诊断等研究中的应用,已取得了巨大的成就与经济效益。中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所为上述应用已成功地合成了多种同位素标记化合物,尤其是农用化学品的标记。最后,作者对加强亚洲地区在原子能农业应用上的国际合作提出了若干建议。
The achievements and advances in the application of mutated breeding and isotope tracing of agricultural plants in China are summarized. Significant achievements have been made in the study of crop improvement and induced mutation in Chinese plant mutation breeding. To date, 325 mutant varieties and thousands of useful value mutants have been obtained from 29 different plants. Mutant varieties planted area of 10 million hectares. In addition, mutagenesis methods such as mutagenesis techniques, utilization of various mutagens, mutation identification and breeding methods have been systematically studied. The article also outlines the application of radioisotope tracer technology in many fields of agriculture. The application of isotope tracing techniques in soil and fertilizers, plant nutrition, environmental protection, nitrogen fixation in plants, animal breeding and disease diagnosis has made great achievements and economic benefits. Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has successfully synthesized a variety of isotope labeled compounds, especially for agricultural chemicals for these applications. Finally, the author made some suggestions on how to strengthen the international cooperation in the application of atomic energy in Asia.