黑格尔的绝对理念、马克思的辩证唯物主义和批判实在论都属于辩证哲学的家族。马克思敲碎了黑格尔的坚果,拣起了一些碎片,他的伟大在于发现了结构矛盾与颠倒。巴斯卡与马克思分享了三种矛盾(结构矛盾、颠倒与科莱蒂矛盾),又增加了埃奇利矛盾。批判实在论指出,辩证法的本真面目是四重缺失:使对使缺失成为缺失的约束成为缺失。 Hegel’s absolute philosophy, Marx’s dialectical materialism and critical realism belong to the family of dialectical philosophy. Marx smashed Hegel’s nuts and picked up some fragments. His greatness lies in the discovery of structural contradictions and reversals. Pascal and Marx shared three kinds of contradictions (structural contradictions, reversing the contradictions with Colette) and added the Ezlli’s contradiction. Critical realism states that the true nature of dialectics is a fourfold loss: the lack of a constraint on making loss a loss.