马克思主义理论研究,需要花大力气加强对核心概念的研究。之所以要提出这个问题,这是因为,马克思主义的理论如同所有的科学知识一样是有层次性的。就科学社会主义学说来说,至少由以下几个层次:一个是对于社会发展的一般规律(尤其是资本主义发生和变化的规律的)认识,对于社会主义社会的本质和发展规律的认识,这也就是邓小平所说的关于“什么是社会主义”的科学原理。第二,是社会主义革命和建设所处的历史条件的事实性的知识,也就是我们通常所说的对于世界的现状和国情的认识。第三,是如何实现社会主义的知识,包括如何取得革命的胜利,在革命 The study of Marxist theory needs to make great efforts to strengthen the study of the core concepts. The reason for this question is that Marxist theory, like all scientific knowledge, is hierarchical. In terms of the theory of scientific socialism, there are at least the following levels: one is the understanding of the general law of social development (especially the occurrence and changing laws of capitalism), and the understanding of the essence and law of development of socialism. That is what Deng Xiaoping said about “what is socialism?” Second, it is the factual knowledge of the historical conditions in which the socialist revolution and construction are located. That is, what we usually call our understanding of the status quo and the national conditions of the world. The third is how to realize the socialist knowledge, including how to win the victory of revolution in the revolution