富国富民是中国古代经济思想的重要命题之一。富国和福民既有相统一的一面，也有相矛盾的一面。本文仅就二者的理论发展、内涵差别及其互相转变关系作一探讨。孔子和孟子是儒家学说的创立者，他们的富民思想具有内在的继承性。孔子到卫国后，看到那里人口众多，便明确主张把“ Richening the country and enriching the people are one of the important propositions in the ancient Chinese economic thinking. The rich and the prosperous have both a unity and a contradiction. This article only discusses the theoretical development of the two, the difference of their connotation and their mutual transformation. Confucius and Mencius were the founders of Confucianism, and their ideas of enriching the people were inherently inherited. After Confucius came to defend the country, he saw that there was a large population there and he clearly claimed that "