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微小RNA(miRNA)是一类内生的、长度约20 ～ 24个核苷酸的具有组织特异性和高度保守的RNA,通过与mRNA互补配对在转录后水平降解mRNA或抑制mRNA翻译来负调控靶基因的表达.多项研究已表明miRNA的亚型基因miR-126、miR-31、miR-200b和miR-29等在一定程度上与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的新生血管生成有关,通过一系列调控血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达,进而抑制或促进血管新生,而VEGF是一种新生血管的主要促进因子,能够特异性的刺激血管内皮细胞的增生及新生血管生成,破坏血-视网膜屏障,加快DR的进展.因此,揭示miRNA在DR新生血管形成中的作用及其机制是未来DR机制研究的重要方向,并可为DR的防治提供新的策略.现就miRNA在DR新生血管形成的研究进展作一综述.“,”MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of endogenous and highly conservative RNA,with length of about 20 to 24 nucleotides and tissue specificity.MiRNA regulates the expression of target genes by pairing with complementary mRNA in the transcription level mRNA or inhibiting mRNA translation.Several studies have shown the miRNA subtype genes,such as miR-126,miR-31,miR-200b and miR-29,in a certain related to the formation of new blood vessels in diabetic retinopathy (DR),through a series of regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression,thereby inhibiting or promoting angiogenesis.VEGF can stimulate vascular endothelial cell hyperplasia and generate new blood vessels,which damage blood-retinal barrier and accelerate the progress of DR.Therefore,revealing the effect and mechanism of miRNA on the pathogenesis of DR,new blood vessels are the important research direction,which can offer us new strategy for prevention and cure of DR.In this article,we reviewed the research progress of miRNA in neovascularization formation of DR.