1978年6月上旬,Cincinnati中心儿童医院收治数例呈现中枢神经系统综合征(头痛、低热、呕吐和脑膜刺激征)的患儿。脑脊液检查为淋巴细胞增多,蛋白轻～中度增加,葡萄糖浓度正常,革兰氏染色和细菌培养均阴性。鼻咽部、直肠拭子和脑脊液分离出肠道病毒。患儿病情较轻,均迅速痊愈。为了做好无菌性与细菌性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断,决定把所有中枢神经系统综合征的患儿收入住院。 In early June 1978, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital admitted a number of children with CNS syndromes (headache, fever, vomiting and meningeal irritation). Cerebrospinal fluid examination for lymphocytosis, mild to moderate increase in protein, glucose concentration was normal, Gram stain and bacterial culture were negative. Nasopharyngeal, rectal swab and cerebrospinal fluid isolated enterovirus. Children with mild illness, are rapidly recovering. In order to make the differential diagnosis between aseptic and bacterial meningitis, all children with CNS syndrome were decided to be hospitalized.