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稀缺性假设是西方主流经济学的基本假设之一。从词源学的角度看,稀缺有一个向一般意义层面或普世内涵转变的过程,稀缺性假设并非一种“自然”公理,而是“人为”假设,这是对稀缺性假设追根溯源式考究的动力。早在古希腊时期,色诺芬、柏拉图和亚里士多德就阐述过人类社会的稀缺状态,但其内涵完全异于稀缺性假设,直至17、18世纪,霍布斯、洛克使用稀缺引出私有产权和雇佣劳动的合法性,休谟不仅在对稀缺定义的形式上与稀缺性假设极其相近,且同斯密一起论证了永无止境的需要及对其追逐的合法性,从而完成了直至现今资本主义的若干核心理念的合法性论证,稀缺性假设才得以基本形成。因此,稀缺性假设在资本主义意识形态合法性的获得上起到了基础性作用。
Scarcity assumption is one of the basic assumptions of Western mainstream economics. From the etymological point of view, there is a shift from the scarcity to the general meaning or the universal connotation. The scarcity assumption is not a “natural” axiom, but an “artificial” hypothesis, which is a measure of scarcity Assuming a tracing source of sophisticated power. As early as in ancient Greece, Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle elaborated on the scarcity of human society, but its connotation is completely different from the scarcity assumption. Until the 17th and 18th centuries, Hobbes and Locke used scarce leads Private ownership, and the legitimacy of wage-labor, Hume not only closely resembles the scarcity assumption in the form of a definition of scarcity, but also, together with Smith, argues for the endless need and the legitimacy to pursue it, The legitimacy of several core concepts of capitalism argues that the scarcity assumption can be basically formed. Therefore, the scarcity assumption plays a fundamental role in the legitimacy of capitalist ideology.