地球上,陆地的面积占地球表面积的三分之一弱,海洋面积占三分之二强。在陆地的平原和高山上建立天气站已有悠久的历史,而且站点为数众多,为人类探索天气规律,战胜自然灾害起了重要作用。在浩瀚无垠的海洋上建立天气站,较之陆地(无辶)为困难,但是取得的气象资料对海运、民用航空和其他社会目的具有重大的实用价值,所以欧美国家在它们来往必经的北大西洋上建立海洋天气站已经有三十多年的历史了。 1947年7月,英国改装了一艘轻巡洋舰,在北大西洋上建立世界第一艘专门性天气船,次年2月英国又使三艘同样的船只加入这一行列。这些船只在北大西洋上从事连续性的水面和高空气象观测和海洋水文记录,为横越大西洋的英国飞机和船只的 Earth, the land area accounts for one third of the Earth’s surface area is weak, accounting for two thirds of the marine area. The establishment of weather stations on the plains and mountains of the land has a long history and numerous sites, which play an important role in exploring the laws of the weather for human beings and defeating natural disasters. It is more difficult to establish weather stations on the vast ocean than on land. However, the acquired meteorological data have great practical value for maritime transport, civil aviation and other social purposes. Therefore, The establishment of marine weather stations on the Atlantic has been more than three decades. In July 1947, Britain converted a light cruiser to build the world’s first dedicated weather vessel on the North Atlantic. In February the same year, Britain added the same three vessels to the list. These vessels engaged in continuous surface and upper-air meteorological observations and ocean hydrological records on the North Atlantic Ocean, serving as transatlantic British aircraft and vessels