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“技术突袭”(Technology surprise) 和“技术预警”(Technology Warning) 是美国人提出的两个相关概念。“技术突袭”是指以独有的技术成果或压倒性技术优势突袭对手；“技术预警”则是指对潜在对手可能形成的“技术突袭”事先发出警报。“技术预警”不同干一般的技术展望,它是从国家安全的根本利益出发,以保持己方军事优势、防止敌人“技术突袭”为宗旨的技术发展预测。自上世纪50年代末苏联成功发射人类第一颗人造地球卫星以来,美国一直高度重视技术预警工作。在美国国防情报局的倡导与支持下,美国科学院下属国家研究委员会于2005年5月发布的
“Technology surprise” and “Technology Warning” are two related concepts put forward by the Americans. “Technical raid” refers to the raid of an adversary with unique technological achievements or overwhelming technical superiority; and “technical warning” refers to giving advance warning of possible “technical raids” by potential adversaries. The “technical early warning” has a different technical outlook. It is a technological development forecast based on the fundamental interests of national security and maintaining its own military superiority and preventing “technological raids” by the enemy. Since the Soviet Union successfully launched the first man-made earth satellite of mankind in the late 1950s, the United States has always attached great importance to technical early-warning work. In the United States Defense Intelligence Agency’s advocacy and support, the National Academy of Sciences under the National Research Council released in May 2005