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通过研究小麦需水需肥规律，发现小麦的需水、需氮高峰期不吻合，且小麦需氮高峰在前，需水高峰在后。为充分发挥肥水的最佳效益，研究提出了小麦节水冬施肥技术，即结合冬灌施入部分（或全部）氮肥，适当推迟春灌时间，并结合浇水补施其余部分氮肥。试验结果表明：小麦冬季追施氮肥，其肥效及籽粒氮素利用率与返青肥效果相当，明显高于春季追肥推迟到孕穗期的处理，但氮素损失率明显低于孕穗肥。与基施氮肥相比，小麦冬施氮肥能明显地提高氮素利用率，减少氮素损失。
By studying the law of water demand and fertilizer of wheat, we found that the water demand of wheat does not coincide with the peak of nitrogen demand, and the peak of nitrogen demand of wheat is before the peak of water demand. In order to give full play to the best benefits of fertilizer and water, this paper put forward the technology of winter wheat by water-saving and winter fertilization, that is, using partial (or total) nitrogen fertilizer in combination with winter irrigation, delaying the spring irrigation time appropriately and supplementing the rest with nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that winter wheat topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, its fertilizer efficiency and grain nitrogen utilization were similar to those of returning green manure, which were obviously higher than those of spring topdressing to booting stage, but the nitrogen loss rate was obviously lower than booting spike. Compared with basal application of nitrogen fertilizer, winter wheat nitrogen application can significantly improve nitrogen utilization and reduce nitrogen loss.