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短文改错是全国卷高考命题的必考题型,是集语法规则和语言技能于一身的综合性试题。通过分析近两年高考英语全国新课标卷短文改错的考查内容,建议学生夯实语言基础,增强语言的敏感度和语篇分析能力,综合训练短文改错和写作,提高语言表达的准确性。
英语短文改错是全国卷高考命题的必考题型,是集语法规则和语言技能于一身的综合性试题。具体来说,短文改错主要检测考生发现、分析、纠正文章中错误的能力,考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的能力。
高考英语短文改错的文章一般100词左右,多为学生常见的记叙文。一般情况下,有一处删除词汇,一处增加词汇,其余八处为错词修改。每句话最多两处错误。从平时的练习和考试中可以发现,学生短文改错失分严重,即使是英语较好的学生也会感到“力不从心”。那么,短文改错到底考查哪些知识点?教学中應该做些什么来应对?本文将针对这两个问题进行分析。
1 短文改错的考查内容
笔者以2015和2016年全国新课标Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷短文改错为例,分析该题型考查的主要内容。
1.1 词性误用:主要是动词、名词、形容词和副词之间的误用
(1) Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. (副词seriously 改为形容词serious) (2015新课标I卷)
(2) Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.
(形容词steady 改为副词steadily) (2016新课标I卷)
1.2 动词:主要考查谓语动词时态,语态错误和主谓一致
(1) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. (been划去,应为主动语态) (2015新课标I卷)
(2)Some people even had to wait outside. (一般过去时had 改为一般现在时have) (2016新课标I卷)
1.3 名词:主要考查名词单复数
(1)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. (不可数名词airs 改为air) (2015新课标I卷)
(2)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(不可数名词knowledges 改为knowledge) (2016新课标Ⅱ卷)
1.4 代词:主要考查名词性物主代词或者形容词性物主代词人称是否一致;代词单复数
(1) Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.(our 改为his) (2016新课标I卷)
1.5 介词:主要考查动词和介词的搭配,形容词和介词的搭配等
(1) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (on 改为with) (2015新课标I卷)
(2) My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. (dreams 后面添加of) (2016新课标I卷)
1.6 冠词:主要考查a/an/the的用法
(1) My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. (the改成a) (2016新课标I卷)
1.7 连词:主要考查并列连词和转折连词
(1) There the air is clean or the mountains are green. (or改为and, 两句之间是并列关系) (2015全国新课标I卷)
(2) Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. (but划去) (2016新课标I卷)
1.8 从句引导词:主要考查定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句
(1) After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. (where 改为that 或where划去) (2015新课标Ⅱ卷)
(2) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(that 改为where)(2016新课标I卷)
1.9 非谓语动词:主要考查动词现在分词和过去分词
(1)After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. (looks 改为looking) (2015新课标Ⅱ卷) (2)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(take 改为taking,与staying并列)(2016新课标Ⅱ卷)
1.10 考查固定句型或者搭配
He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. (very划去,考查so…that…句型) (2015新课标Ⅱ卷)
2 教学建议
2.1 研读《英语课程标准》和《考试大纲》,避免教学的盲目性
《英语课程标准》和《考试大纲》是高考命题的重要依据,它们规定了考试内容和要求以及考试形式和试卷结构。只有准确理解和领会其中的各项内容及精神实质,才能避免教学盲目性,有效地开展教學活动。
2.2 抓好基础知识教学,夯实语言基础
短文改错是结合语法规则和语言技能的综合性试题,考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇的把握能力和对语言的评价和修正能力。因此,在平时教学中,教师要注重词汇教学和语法教学;注重课标词汇拼写以及词性转换,指导学生加强词汇和短语的记忆,以及熟练(下转页)
(上接页)掌握一些习惯用法和固定句型;注重语法教学,想办法让枯燥的语法课变得生动有趣,简单易懂。同时要紧扣考纲《词汇表》,注意词组搭配以及一词多义等现象。教师还要培养学生分析句子结构的能力,尤其是长难句和复杂句。
2.3 加强阅读,增强语言敏感度和语篇分析能力
学生做短文改错时不能兼顾语言的一致性,这与他们阅读和理解短文的能力有关,对语言缺乏敏感度。因此,加强阅读,提高阅读理解能力是做好短文改错的前提。教师应鼓励学生进行大量的阅读,形成英语语感。同时要加强语篇阅读,重视思维训练,善于抓语篇的关键词、关键句和主题句等,养成在语篇中理解词义、句义、段义的习惯,从而增强语篇分析能力。
2.4 综合训练短文改错和写作,提高语言表达的准确性
短文改错的文章词汇要求不高,考点是学生写作时常犯的错误。命题的初衷就是希望学生通过改错,认识到这些错误的存在,使自己在今后的写作中避免类似的错误。因此,在平时教学中,教师要将写作和短文改错结合起来,加强学生语言准确性的训练。平时鼓励学生多写作,让他们自我纠错或者互换纠错,找出写作存在的问题,提高语言准确性。
3 结语
综上所述,要提高短文改错的准确率,学生平时应该夯实基础知识,加强阅读,增强语言的的敏感度和语篇分析能力,把短文改错和自己平时的写作相结合,在不断的实践中取得进步。
(作者简介:郑淑玲(1983-),女,福建永定人,福建省永定一中教师,主要从事高中英语教学研究。)
英语短文改错是全国卷高考命题的必考题型,是集语法规则和语言技能于一身的综合性试题。具体来说,短文改错主要检测考生发现、分析、纠正文章中错误的能力,考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的能力。
高考英语短文改错的文章一般100词左右,多为学生常见的记叙文。一般情况下,有一处删除词汇,一处增加词汇,其余八处为错词修改。每句话最多两处错误。从平时的练习和考试中可以发现,学生短文改错失分严重,即使是英语较好的学生也会感到“力不从心”。那么,短文改错到底考查哪些知识点?教学中應该做些什么来应对?本文将针对这两个问题进行分析。
1 短文改错的考查内容
笔者以2015和2016年全国新课标Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷短文改错为例,分析该题型考查的主要内容。
1.1 词性误用:主要是动词、名词、形容词和副词之间的误用
(1) Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. (副词seriously 改为形容词serious) (2015新课标I卷)
(2) Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.
(形容词steady 改为副词steadily) (2016新课标I卷)
1.2 动词:主要考查谓语动词时态,语态错误和主谓一致
(1) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. (been划去,应为主动语态) (2015新课标I卷)
(2)Some people even had to wait outside. (一般过去时had 改为一般现在时have) (2016新课标I卷)
1.3 名词:主要考查名词单复数
(1)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. (不可数名词airs 改为air) (2015新课标I卷)
(2)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(不可数名词knowledges 改为knowledge) (2016新课标Ⅱ卷)
1.4 代词:主要考查名词性物主代词或者形容词性物主代词人称是否一致;代词单复数
(1) Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.(our 改为his) (2016新课标I卷)
1.5 介词:主要考查动词和介词的搭配,形容词和介词的搭配等
(1) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (on 改为with) (2015新课标I卷)
(2) My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. (dreams 后面添加of) (2016新课标I卷)
1.6 冠词:主要考查a/an/the的用法
(1) My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. (the改成a) (2016新课标I卷)
1.7 连词:主要考查并列连词和转折连词
(1) There the air is clean or the mountains are green. (or改为and, 两句之间是并列关系) (2015全国新课标I卷)
(2) Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. (but划去) (2016新课标I卷)
1.8 从句引导词:主要考查定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句
(1) After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. (where 改为that 或where划去) (2015新课标Ⅱ卷)
(2) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(that 改为where)(2016新课标I卷)
1.9 非谓语动词:主要考查动词现在分词和过去分词
(1)After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. (looks 改为looking) (2015新课标Ⅱ卷) (2)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(take 改为taking,与staying并列)(2016新课标Ⅱ卷)
1.10 考查固定句型或者搭配
He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. (very划去,考查so…that…句型) (2015新课标Ⅱ卷)
2 教学建议
2.1 研读《英语课程标准》和《考试大纲》,避免教学的盲目性
《英语课程标准》和《考试大纲》是高考命题的重要依据,它们规定了考试内容和要求以及考试形式和试卷结构。只有准确理解和领会其中的各项内容及精神实质,才能避免教学盲目性,有效地开展教學活动。
2.2 抓好基础知识教学,夯实语言基础
短文改错是结合语法规则和语言技能的综合性试题,考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇的把握能力和对语言的评价和修正能力。因此,在平时教学中,教师要注重词汇教学和语法教学;注重课标词汇拼写以及词性转换,指导学生加强词汇和短语的记忆,以及熟练(下转页)
(上接页)掌握一些习惯用法和固定句型;注重语法教学,想办法让枯燥的语法课变得生动有趣,简单易懂。同时要紧扣考纲《词汇表》,注意词组搭配以及一词多义等现象。教师还要培养学生分析句子结构的能力,尤其是长难句和复杂句。
2.3 加强阅读,增强语言敏感度和语篇分析能力
学生做短文改错时不能兼顾语言的一致性,这与他们阅读和理解短文的能力有关,对语言缺乏敏感度。因此,加强阅读,提高阅读理解能力是做好短文改错的前提。教师应鼓励学生进行大量的阅读,形成英语语感。同时要加强语篇阅读,重视思维训练,善于抓语篇的关键词、关键句和主题句等,养成在语篇中理解词义、句义、段义的习惯,从而增强语篇分析能力。
2.4 综合训练短文改错和写作,提高语言表达的准确性
短文改错的文章词汇要求不高,考点是学生写作时常犯的错误。命题的初衷就是希望学生通过改错,认识到这些错误的存在,使自己在今后的写作中避免类似的错误。因此,在平时教学中,教师要将写作和短文改错结合起来,加强学生语言准确性的训练。平时鼓励学生多写作,让他们自我纠错或者互换纠错,找出写作存在的问题,提高语言准确性。
3 结语
综上所述,要提高短文改错的准确率,学生平时应该夯实基础知识,加强阅读,增强语言的的敏感度和语篇分析能力,把短文改错和自己平时的写作相结合,在不断的实践中取得进步。
(作者简介:郑淑玲(1983-),女,福建永定人,福建省永定一中教师,主要从事高中英语教学研究。)