本文以我国生物技术的代表———转基因抗虫棉为案例 ,从其对生产者、社会福利分配的影响和技术的外部性三方面概述了相关的研究方法。其中对生产者影响研究方法的重点是对农药生产率的测定 ,同时讨论了规避风险和生物过程与农药使用的关系 ;社会福利分配的研究方法论述了采用完全市场模型的必然性 ;技术的外部性则讨论了转基因作物的收益评估与外部成本。最后针对上述方法的特点和不足 ,提出进一步研究的方法展望。 In this paper, the representative of China’s biotechnology --- transgenic Bt cotton as an example, from the producer, the distribution of social welfare and technology of the external aspects of the overview of the relevant research methods. Among them, the research on producer impact mainly focuses on the determination of pesticide productivity, the relationship between risk avoidance and biological process and pesticide use. The research method of social welfare allocation discusses the necessity of adopting full market model and the externality of technology Discussed the benefits of genetically modified crops and external costs. Finally, in view of the characteristics and deficiencies of the above methods, the prospect of further research is proposed.