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自1968年Berggard和Bearn从Wilson’s病和慢性镉中毒病人的尿中离析出β_2—微球蛋白(β_2M)以来,对其结构、功能、代谢和在肾功能评价中的作用进行了广泛的研究,β_2M是一个由100个氨基酸组成、有一个二硫键的小分子蛋白,其分子量11800。是1级主要组织相容性抗原(HLA—A、B和C)的轻链,以非共价的方式与HLA重链结合,为HLA在血清学上的特异性所必需。由于HLA的代谢和降解,β_2M与重链解离,以游离的形式存在于细胞外液,仅很少一部分与其它分子结合。测定方法血浆、血清和其它体液如唾液、脑脊液或胸水中均能测出β_2M。常用的最可靠测定
Since 1968 Berggard and Bearn have extensively investigated the role of β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 M) in the urine of Wilson’s disease and chronic cadmium poisoning in terms of its structure, function, metabolism, and renal function evaluation, β_2M is a small molecule protein consisting of 100 amino acids with a disulfide bond and its molecular weight is 11800. Is a light chain of a class 1 major histocompatibility antigen (HLA-A, B, and C) that binds to HLA heavy chains in a non-covalent manner and is necessary for HLA serological specificity. Due to the metabolism and degradation of HLA, β_2M dissociates from the heavy chain and exists in extracellular fluid in a free form, with only a small portion bound to other molecules. Assay Methods β_2M can be detected in plasma, serum and other body fluids such as saliva, cerebrospinal fluid or pleural effusion. Commonly used in the most reliable determination