1 General procedure for the preparation of 3-substituted glutaronitriles To a 100 mL flask containing aldehyde(30 mmol) and cyanoacetic acid(10.20 g, 120 mmol) was added 4-methylpiperidine(0.4 mL) and 23 mL N-methylmorpholine. The reaction mixture was warmed to mild reflux for 24 h and then cooled to room temperature and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The resulting mixture was dissolved in 100 1 General procedure for the preparation of 3-substituted glutaritriles To a 100 mL flask containing aldehyde (30 mmol) and cyanoacetic acid (10.20 g, 120 mmol) was added 4-methylpiperidine (0.4 mL) mixture was warmed to mild reflux for 24 h and then cooled to room temperature and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The resulting mixture was dissolved in 100