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目的分析一起病毒性脑炎聚集疫情流行病学特征和暴露因素,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法开展现场流行病学调查和病原学检测,对流行病学特征和暴露因素进行分析。结果共发现病例68例,罹患率为23.86%(68/285)。临床症状主要为发热(98.53%,67/68)、头痛(91.18%,62/68)、恶心(52.94%,36/68)、呕吐(41.18%,28/68)等;发病集中在6月16-26日,病例主要分布在该教学楼的1层和2层,在班级分布上主要分布于1~3年级,以7~10岁儿童为主,男女比例为1.54∶1;暴露因素中饮用生自来水、在校喝未加热桶装水行为属主要危险因素;病原学检测确定为埃可病毒30型所致的病毒性脑膜炎。结论该起疫情是由埃可病毒30型感染引起的脑膜脑炎,发病以7~10岁儿童为主,加强饮用水安全管理,高发季节应引起高度重视。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and exposure factors of viral encephalitis in order to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods To carry out on-site epidemiological investigation and pathogen detection, and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and exposure factors. Results A total of 68 cases were found, the attack rate was 23.86% (68/285). The main clinical symptoms were fever (98.53%, 67/68), headache (91.18%, 62/68), nausea (52.94%, 36/68) and vomiting (41.18%, 28/68) The cases were mainly distributed on the first and second floors of the teaching building on the days of 16-26. The distribution of classes was mainly in the first to third grades, mainly children aged 7 to 10, with a male-female ratio of 1.54: 1. In the exposure factors Drinking tap water, drink unheated bottled water at school is a major risk factor; etiological detection identified as encephalitogenic virus type 30 meningitis. Conclusion The outbreak was caused by encephalitis caused by echovirus type 30 infection. The incidence of encephalitis was mainly in children aged 7 to 10 years. The safety management of drinking water should be strengthened, and the high season should be taken seriously.