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Objective:The aim of this study was to detect and localize the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (Fins-like tyrosine kinase, Flt-1 and Kinase insert domain-containing receptor, KDR) in human ectopic and eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis.Methods:Endometrial biopsies from thirty three healthy and thirty seven endometriosis, thirty four ovarian chocolate cyst, fifteen red peritoneal lesions, and four endometriosis lesions form abdominal wall were used for immunohistochemistry, western blot and reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) assessments to examine Flt-1 and KDR mRNA and protein expression for their relative level in the above tissues.Results:Flt-1 and KDR were expressed in the endometrial glandular epithelium and stroma cells besides the endometrial blood vessels.Among endometriotic lesions, the ectopic endometrium expressed higher level of Flt-1 (94.3%) and KDR(91.4%) than ovarian endometrioma(74.3%, 77.1%, P＜0.05), and the same as eutopic endometriosis (93.8%, 90.6%, P＞0.05).Flt-1(mRNA level:2.41±1.21, protein level: 31.1±17.4) and KDR (mRNA: 3.02±1.42, protein levels 35.6±23.6) in the eutopic endometrium expressed higher level than those in the ovarian endometrioma (mRNA level: 1.51±0.92,1.83±1.03 ; protein level: 16.8±6.1,19.7±10.5, P ＜0.05), and the same as those in the eutopic endometrium (mRNA level: 1.91±0.83,2.26±1.27 ; protein level:24.2±17.8,25.0±16.5, P＞0.05).Conclusions: VEGF may have some effects on the development of endometriosis by VEGFR(Flt-1 and KDR).The expressions of Flt-1 and KDR in endometriotic tissue appear to be associated with its neovascularization.