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目的探讨母乳喂养与大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状影响的交互效应。方法采用横断面研究,在辽宁省7个城市即沈阳、大连、鞍山、抚顺、本溪、营口、辽阳共25个行政区随机抽取50所幼儿园,采用国际统一的标准问卷ATS(American Thoracic Society)调查表对所选幼儿园的所有儿童进行有关母乳喂养、生活环境以及儿童呼吸系统疾病情况的调查。根据各行政区环境监测中心提供的2006-2008年大气污染物(PM10、SO2、NO2、O3)浓度计算日平均浓度。结果本次研究共调查10 822人,共回收有效问卷9 318份,应答率为86.1%,符合上机进行统计分析的要求。共分析四个污染物PM10、SO2、NO2、O3的日平均浓度,统计的25个行政区中PM10、SO2的日平均浓度不同程度地超出国家标准,100%的行政区PM10、SO2日平均浓度超出WHO标准,36%的行政区NO2日平均浓度超出国家标准。母乳喂养儿童7 319人,非母乳喂养儿童1 999人,其中接受母乳喂养的男童多于女童(P<0.05);非母乳喂养儿童与母乳喂养儿童相比,大气污染物PM10、SO2、NO2、O3每增加一个单位,儿童患有持续咳嗽、持续咳痰的危险性均呈增加趋势(P<0.05);母乳喂养与大气污染物PM10、SO2、NO2、O3对儿童喘鸣现患存在交互作用且有统计学意义(P<0.20)。结论母乳喂养和大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响存在显著的交互效应。
Objective To explore the interactive effects of breastfeeding and air pollution on respiratory diseases and symptoms in children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to select 50 kindergartens from 25 cities in Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Yingkou and Liaoyang in Liaoning Province. A total of 50 kindergartens were randomly selected from 25 administrative districts in the survey area. The standardized questionnaire ATS (American Thoracic Society) A survey of all children in selected kindergartens on breastfeeding, living conditions and respiratory diseases in children. Calculate the daily average concentration according to the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, O3) provided by the Environmental Monitoring Centers of all administrative districts in 2006-2008. Results A total of 10 822 people were investigated in this study. A total of 9 318 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 86.1%, which is in line with the requirements of statistical analysis on the machine. The daily average concentrations of PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3 were analyzed. The daily average concentrations of PM10 and SO2 in 25 administrative districts exceeded the national standards in varying degrees. The daily average concentrations of PM10 and SO2 in 100% of the administrative areas exceeded the WHO Standard, 36% of the NO2 daily average concentration of the region exceeded the national standard. There were 7 319 breastfeeding children and 1 999 non-breastfeeding children, including more boys than girls (P <0.05). Compared with breastfed children, non-breastfeeding children had higher levels of PM10, SO2 and NO2 (P <0.05). There was an interaction between breastfeeding and PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3 in children with wheezing and wheezing, while the risk of persistent cough and persistent sputum increased with each unit of O3 Role and statistically significant (P <0.20). Conclusion There is a significant interactive effect of breastfeeding and air pollution on children’s respiratory diseases and symptoms.